{"id":8501,"date":"2023-05-03T17:31:43","date_gmt":"2023-05-03T14:31:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/?p=8501"},"modified":"2023-05-03T17:31:43","modified_gmt":"2023-05-03T14:31:43","slug":"sinir-tanimayan-gazeteciler-orgutu-turkiye-basin-ozgurlugunde-16-sira-geriledi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/sinir-tanimayan-gazeteciler-orgutu-turkiye-basin-ozgurlugunde-16-sira-geriledi\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u0131n\u0131r Tan\u0131mayan Gazeteciler \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc: T\u00fcrkiye bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 16 s\u0131ra geriledi"},"content":{"rendered":"

(The Turkish Post) –<\/strong> S\u0131n\u0131r Tan\u0131mayan Gazeteciler (RSF) \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, 14 May\u0131s se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesi gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131ya h\u0131z verdi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle 2023 D\u00fcnya Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Endeksi\u2019nde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi 180 \u00fclke i\u00e7erisinde 165\u2019inci s\u0131rada g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

2021\u2019de bulundu\u011fu 153\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131radan ge\u00e7en y\u0131l sivil toplumun hak arama performans\u0131 sayesinde 149\u2019uncu s\u0131raya y\u00fckselen T\u00fcrkiye, 2023 endeksinde, \u00f6zellikle K\u00fcrt gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik toplu tutuklamalar ve medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tehdit eden sosyal fakt\u00f6rler nedeniyle 16 s\u0131ra birden gerilemi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

10 \u00fclkenin yedisinde gazetecilik zor<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde bu y\u0131l 21\u2019incisi yay\u0131mlanan 180 \u00fclkeli endeks, 31 \u00fclkede bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumunu \u201cvahim\u201d, 42\u2019sinde \u201ck\u00f6t\u00fc\u201d, 55\u2019inde \u201csorunlu\u201d, 52\u2019sinde de \u201c\u00e7ok iyi\u201d veya \u201ciyi\u201d olarak ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu durumda, gazetecili\u011fin 10 \u00fclkeden 7\u2019sinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle yap\u0131labildi\u011finde ve sadece 10\u2019da 3\u2019\u00fcnde tatmin edici bulundu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Norve\u00e7\u2019in yedi y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00fcst \u00fcste ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi endekste, \u0130rlanda ve Danimarka ikinci s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131. S\u0131ralamada 22 s\u0131ra ilerleyen Hollanda (6), gazeteci Peter R. De Vries cinayeti \u00f6ncesinde bulundu\u011fu konumuna geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Endeksin son \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ise Asya \u00fclkelerinden; muhabir ve haber yorumcular\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a ileri bir noktaya ta\u015f\u0131yan Vietnam (178), gazeteciler i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck hapishane olan ve propaganda i\u00e7erik ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak nitelendirilen \u00c7in (179) ile Kuzey Kore (180) g\u00f6sterildi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye en ciddi gerileme g\u00f6steren \u00fclkelerden<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kimi radikal politik, sosyal ve teknolojik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ve istikrars\u0131zl\u0131klara da i\u015faret eden endekste T\u00fcrkiye, \u201csorunlu\u201d kategoriden \u201cvahim\u201d olana gerileyerek en sert d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6steren \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda 99. s\u0131rada kendine yer buldu\u011fu s\u0131ralamada 2016\u2019da 151, 2017\u2019de 155, 2018 ve 2019\u2019da 157\u2019ncili\u011fe kadar gerilemi\u015fti. 2020\u2019de 154, 2021\u2019de 153, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l da 149\u2019uncu s\u0131rada g\u00f6sterilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n genel olarak a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6nceki iki y\u0131lda gazetecilerin tahliye edilmesi, tutuklama yerine adli kontrole ra\u011fbet edilmesi ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin hak aramada etkili m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 2022 raporunda 149\u2019uncu s\u0131raya y\u00fckselmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Ancak ge\u00e7en y\u0131l \u00f6zellikle medyan\u0131n kutupla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcrl\u00fc yollardan hedef al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra Diyarbak\u0131r ve Ankara merkezli operasyonlarla 25 K\u00fcrt medya temsilcisinin tutuklanmas\u0131 sonucu, T\u00fcrkiye endekste \u201cg\u00f6r\u00fclmedik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u201d ya\u015fad\u0131 ve 165\u2019inci s\u0131raya geriledi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye 2002\u2019de 99\u2019uncu s\u0131radayd\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

180 \u00fclkede medyada \u00e7o\u011fulculuk, medya ortam\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, oto sans\u00fcr ve habere y\u00f6nelik m\u00fcdahaleler, yasal \u00e7er\u00e7eve, \u015feffafl\u0131k, altyap\u0131 ve ihlaller gibi onlarca parametrenin katsay\u0131 temelinde s\u0131ralamaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc RSF raporu ilk kez 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye 99\u2019uncu s\u0131radayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r sorunlar, habercilere y\u00f6nelik keyfi tutuklamalar, internet habercili\u011finin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ele\u015ftirel habercili\u011fi hedef alan cezai ve idari yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ile gazetecilere kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7larda cezas\u0131zl\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kronik meseleleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye gibi, Tacikistan (153) ve Ba\u015fbakan Modi\u2019ye yak\u0131n oligarklar\u0131n medya \u00e7o\u011fulculu\u011funu tehdit etti\u011fi Hindistan (161) da medya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan durumu \u201cvahim\u201d olarak tespit edilen \u00fclkelerden oldu.<\/p>\n

Mahsa Amini\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumsal eylemler \u0130ran (177) ile ilgili \u201csosyal ba\u011flam\u201d ve \u201cyasal \u00e7er\u00e7eve\u201d g\u00f6stergelerini geriletti.<\/p>\n

Rusya endekste 164, Ukrayna 79\u2019uncu s\u0131rada g\u00f6sterildi. ABD \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131ra gerileyerek 45\u2019inci, Fransa iki s\u0131ra ilerleyerek 24\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gazetecilerin istihbarat servislerince ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir casus yaz\u0131l\u0131mla izlemeye al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yunanistan, 107\u2019nci s\u0131ra ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin endekste en gerideki \u00fclkesi oldu.<\/p>\n

RSF\u2019ten sahte i\u00e7erik uyar\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

2023 D\u00fcnya Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Endeksi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sahte i\u00e7eriklerin etkisine dikkat \u00e7eken RSF Genel Sekreteri Christophe Deloire, “Endeks, Brezilya’n\u0131n 18 s\u0131ra y\u00fckselmesi ve Senegal’in 31 s\u0131ra gerilemesi gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fckseli\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler ve benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle muazzam bir dalgalanma g\u00f6stermekte. Bu istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede yetkililerin artan sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve gazetecilere kar\u015f\u0131 sosyal medyada ve fiziksel d\u00fcnyada artan d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir sonucu. Bu istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ayn\u0131 zamanda dezenformasyon \u00fcreten, da\u011f\u0131tan ve bunun i\u00e7in gerekli ara\u00e7lar\u0131 sa\u011flayan sahte i\u00e7erik end\u00fcstrisindeki b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin de bir sonucu” dedi.<\/p>\n

Propaganda, dezenformasyon, yapay zeka, algoritma\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Endekse ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamada, 118 \u00fclkeden siyasi akt\u00f6rlerin yayg\u0131n propaganda ve dezenformasyon kampanyalar\u0131na meyletmesi, yapay zekan\u0131n muazzam geli\u015fiminin medyay\u0131 Web 2.0 sonras\u0131 daha da k\u0131r\u0131lgan hale getirmesi, Twitter\u2019\u0131n sahibi Elon Musk\u2019\u0131n, algoritmalar\u0131n gazetecilik i\u00e7in batakl\u0131k oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sererek keyfi ve sans\u00fcrleyici bir mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 en u\u00e7 noktalara kadar zorlamas\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok etkene de de\u011finildi.<\/p>\n

K\u0131ta s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda Avrupa \u00f6nde Ortado\u011fu sonda<\/strong><\/p>\n

Endekste k\u0131talar d\u00fczeyinde s\u0131ralama ise, Avrupa, Amerika, Afrika, Asya-Pasifik ve Ortado\u011fu ile Ma\u011frip b\u00f6lgesi \u015feklinde kendini g\u00f6sterdi. \u00d6rne\u011fin Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131nda Botswana 65, Burkina Faso 58, gazeteci Martinez Zongo\u2019nun \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kamerun 138, medyan\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130ssaias Afezorki\u2019nin keyfiyetine terk edildi\u011fi Eritre 174\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kay\u0131p ve rehin tutulan gazetecilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle medya i\u00e7in en tehlikeli b\u00f6lge olarak belirlenen Ortado\u011fu\u2019da, Suriye 175, Yemen 168, Irak 167, Filistin 156, Suudi Arabistan 170\u2019inci s\u0131rada. Medya patronu olan \u0130hsane El Kadi\u2019nin yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve otoriter hamlelerin s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Cezayir de 136\u2019nc\u0131 s\u0131rada g\u00f6sterildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(The Turkish Post) – S\u0131n\u0131r Tan\u0131mayan Gazeteciler (RSF) \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, 14 May\u0131s se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesi gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131ya h\u0131z verdi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle 2023 D\u00fcnya Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Endeksi\u2019nde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi 180 \u00fclke i\u00e7erisinde 165\u2019inci s\u0131rada g\u00f6sterdi. 2021\u2019de bulundu\u011fu 153\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131radan ge\u00e7en y\u0131l sivil toplumun hak arama performans\u0131 sayesinde 149\u2019uncu s\u0131raya y\u00fckselen T\u00fcrkiye, 2023 endeksinde, \u00f6zellikle K\u00fcrt gazetecilere y\u00f6nelik toplu tutuklamalar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8506,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"VOA News","source_url":"https:\/\/www.voaturkce.com\/a\/rsf-turkiye-basin-ozgurlugunde-16-sira-geriledi-\/7075702.html","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"topbottom","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"4","zoom_button_in_step":"4","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"2","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-715","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"63","hide":""},"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":{"override_bookmark_button":"0","override_show_bookmark_button":"0"},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[63,1],"tags":[1422],"class_list":["post-8501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","category-son-haberler","tag-slider-manset"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8501"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8501\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8506"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}