{"id":4379,"date":"2023-03-26T14:08:17","date_gmt":"2023-03-26T11:08:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/?p=4379"},"modified":"2023-04-13T16:50:02","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T13:50:02","slug":"bilim-insanlarini-buyuleyen-uc-olumsuz-canli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/bilim-insanlarini-buyuleyen-uc-olumsuz-canli\/","title":{"rendered":"Bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcleyen \u00fc\u00e7 ‘\u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz’ canl\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

(The Turkish Post) –<\/strong> \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ebedi gen\u00e7li\u011fe olan hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mitolojiden bilimkurguya kadar uzan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131, d\u00fcnyada ya\u015flanmay\u0131 engelleyebilen, hatta gen\u00e7le\u015febilen canl\u0131lar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Bu canl\u0131lar\u0131n biyolojik olarak \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Yani y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir hayvan taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmedik\u00e7e, bir hastal\u0131k veya ortamlar\u0131nda ciddi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131k\u00e7a bu canl\u0131lar s\u00fcresiz olarak ya\u015fayabiliyor.<\/p>\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131, insanlar\u0131n ya\u015flanma s\u00fcrecini daha iyi anlamak i\u00e7in bu gizemli organizmalar\u0131n s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

‘\u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fcz’ olarak tan\u0131mlanan \u00fc\u00e7 canl\u0131y\u0131 inceledik.<\/p>\n

Planarya solucan\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Planarya solucanlar\u0131n\u0131n ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fcklerinde kendilerini yenileme kabiliyeti oldu\u011fu 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonundan bu yana biliniyor.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu canl\u0131lar, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nottingham \u00dcniversitesi’nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz olduklar\u0131 ihtimalinin \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin ard\u0131ndan viral oldu.<\/p>\n

Bir t\u00fcr yass\u0131 kurt olan ve k\u00f6k h\u00fccrelerini s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u015fekilde yeniden olu\u015fturabilen planarya solucanlar\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde var olabiliyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Planarya solucanlar\u0131 kendilerini ikiye b\u00f6lerek yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcyebiliyor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130ki t\u00fcr planarya solucan\u0131 var. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015feyli, baz\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015feysiz olarak ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek \u00fcreyebiliyor.<\/p>\n

Her iki t\u00fcr\u00fc de inceleyen Nottingham \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki bilim insanlar\u0131, e\u015feysiz \u00fcreyenlerin DNA’lar\u0131n\u0131 ‘gen\u00e7le\u015ftirebildi\u011fini’ tespit etti.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir noktas\u0131nda, di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok hayvan gibi DNA’m\u0131z h\u00fccre b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinde s\u0131n\u0131ra ula\u015facak ve v\u00fccudumuz yok olmaya ba\u015flayacak.<\/p>\n

Planaryalarda ise h\u00fccrelerini ya\u015flanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 koruyan ve \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131klar\u0131nda yenilenebilen bol miktarda bir enzim bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden de bilim insanlar\u0131 bu canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Hidralar<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Bu uzayl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc canl\u0131, boru \u015feklinde bir g\u00f6vdeye ve a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131nda dokuna\u00e7lara sahip bir tatl\u0131 su omurgas\u0131z\u0131.<\/p>\n

Hidralar, bu dokuna\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 solucan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kabuklular ve di\u011fer omurgas\u0131zlar gibi avlar\u0131n\u0131 sokmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Hidralar ilk olarak, 275 kata kadar b\u00fcy\u00fctme kabiliyeti olan bir mikroskop tasarlayan Hollandal\u0131 bilim insan\u0131 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek taraf\u0131ndan incelenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, \u0130svi\u00e7reli bilim insan\u0131 Abraham Trembley’in hidralar ve onlar\u0131n ‘yenileyici s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7leri’ hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6zlemleri, biyoloji alan\u0131nda yeni bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Planarya solucanlar\u0131na benzer \u015fekilde hidralar da v\u00fccutlar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u00fcretebiliyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Hidralar, isimlerini Antik Yunan mitolojisindeki bir su canavar\u0131ndan al\u0131yor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hidralar\u0131n olas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fcklerini anlaman\u0131n anahtar\u0131, kendilerini s\u00fcresiz olarak yenileyebilen k\u00f6k h\u00fccrelerinde.<\/p>\n

Hatta hidran\u0131n t\u00fcm v\u00fccudu kendi kendini yenileyen k\u00f6k h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131llarca hidra gruplar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyen bilim insanlar\u0131, hi\u00e7birinde ya\u015flanma belirtisi tespit edemedi.<\/p>\n

2018’de UC Davis’ten ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar hidralar\u0131n “z\u0131playan genler” olarak da bilinen transpozon genlerini kontrol etme yetenekleri sayesinde \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz olabilece\u011fi tezini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Bunlar, bir genomun bir k\u0131sm\u0131ndan di\u011ferine atlayabilen ve mutasyonlara yol a\u00e7abilen genler.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar gen\u00e7ken v\u00fccutlar\u0131ndaki bu genleri kontrol edebilirken ya\u015fland\u0131k\u00e7a onlar\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131nda tutmakta zorlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Hidralar ise bu genleri sonsuza kadar bask\u0131layabiliyor.<\/p>\n

Turritophis dohrnii – \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz denizanas\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n

S\u00f6zde \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz olan, Turritopsis dohrnii adl\u0131 bu bu denizanas\u0131 deniz sular\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak 1880’lerde Akdeniz’de ke\u015ffedilen denizanas\u0131 art\u0131k bir\u00e7ok yerde bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok ufak olan bu canl\u0131 plankton, bal\u0131k yumurtas\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yumu\u015fak\u00e7alar ile besleniyor.<\/p>\n

Bu denizanas\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 yan\u0131, ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131f\u0131rlayabilmesi.<\/p>\n

\"\"Strese girdi\u011finde denizanas\u0131 \u00f6nceki bir ya\u015fam evresine d\u00f6nebiliyor.<\/p>\n

Transdiferansiyasyon ad\u0131 verilen bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, bazen bir kurba\u011fan\u0131n yeniden iriba\u015fa veya bir kelebe\u011fin t\u0131rt\u0131la d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine benzetiliyor.<\/p>\n

Transdiferansiyasyon, yeti\u015fkin bir h\u00fccrenin ba\u015fka bir t\u00fcr yeti\u015fkin h\u00fccreyce d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde meydana geliyor ve bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak, bilim insanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in hala gizemini koruyor.<\/p>\n

Sadece bununla kalmay\u0131p denizanas\u0131 bir polip olarak \u00f6nceki ya\u015fam a\u015famas\u0131na geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, ayn\u0131 genetik koda sahip daha fazla organizma da yarat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Yani gen\u00e7le\u015ftik\u00e7e kendini klonluyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(The Turkish Post) – \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ebedi gen\u00e7li\u011fe olan hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mitolojiden bilimkurguya kadar uzan\u0131yor. Bilim insanlar\u0131, d\u00fcnyada ya\u015flanmay\u0131 engelleyebilen, hatta gen\u00e7le\u015febilen canl\u0131lar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bu canl\u0131lar\u0131n biyolojik olarak \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Yani y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir hayvan taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmedik\u00e7e, bir hastal\u0131k veya ortamlar\u0131nda ciddi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131k\u00e7a bu canl\u0131lar s\u00fcresiz olarak ya\u015fayabiliyor. Bilim insanlar\u0131, insanlar\u0131n ya\u015flanma s\u00fcrecini daha […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4389,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"BBC T\u00fcrk\u00e7e","source_url":"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/articles\/cn03v9qw1q0o","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"topbottom","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"4","zoom_button_in_step":"4","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"2","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-715","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"107","hide":""},"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":{"override_bookmark_button":"0","override_show_bookmark_button":"0"},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,107],"tags":[802,804,803,805,315],"class_list":["post-4379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-son-haberler","category-yasam","tag-denizanasi","tag-hidra","tag-olumsuz-canlilar","tag-planarya-solucani","tag-ust-manset"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4379"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4379\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4389"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}