{"id":30386,"date":"2023-09-30T11:41:53","date_gmt":"2023-09-30T08:41:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/?p=30386"},"modified":"2023-09-30T11:41:53","modified_gmt":"2023-09-30T08:41:53","slug":"ab-ulkeleri-siginmacilara-karsi-caydiricilik-yarisinda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/ab-ulkeleri-siginmacilara-karsi-caydiricilik-yarisinda\/","title":{"rendered":"AB \u00fclkeleri s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda"},"content":{"rendered":"

(The Turkish Post) –<\/strong> Almanya’da s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin anketlerde giderek puan kaybetti\u011fi ve \u00f6nemli eyalet se\u00e7imlerinin yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde yeniden alevlendi. G\u00f6\u00e7men kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tutumuyla bilinen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f Almanya i\u00e7in Alternatif (AfD) partisi, ana muhalefetteki Hristiyan Demokrat Birlik’in (CDU) ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ikinci siyasi partisi konumuna y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n

Suriye, Afganistan gibi \u00fclkelerden s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7an 1,1 milyon Ukraynal\u0131’n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belediyelerin de imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 zorluyor. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Frank-Walter Steinmeier’in ge\u00e7en hafta s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar konusunda “S\u0131n\u0131ra dayand\u0131k” a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan eyalet ve federal d\u00fczlemden \u00e7ok say\u0131da politikac\u0131dan benzer a\u00e7\u0131klamalar geldi, Ba\u015fbakan Olaf Scholz da “Bize gelenlerin say\u0131s\u0131, kald\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fin \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcnde” a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

S\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 yanl\u0131s\u0131 politikalar\u0131yla bilinen Ye\u015filler partisinden Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Robert Habeck, “\u0130ltica hakk\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmek i\u00e7in ger\u00e7e\u011fi kabul etmek ve etik olarak zor kararlar al\u0131nmas\u0131 pahas\u0131na da olsa somut sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturmak zorunday\u0131z” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Danimarka modeli ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu mu?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Almanya’da \u015fu an t\u00fcm partiler s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 daha k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 politikalar uygulanmas\u0131 konusunda fikir birli\u011fine varm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu ortamda ba\u015fta Danimarka olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli Avrupa \u00fclkelerinden modeller masaya yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Danimarka’daki sosyal demokrat h\u00fck\u00fcmet, y\u0131llar \u00f6nce g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 sertle\u015ftirerek sert ve k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nlemler ald\u0131. S\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lara sosyal \u00f6denekler belirgin bir \u015fekilde k\u0131s\u0131l\u0131rken aile birle\u015fimi zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu y\u0131l Temmuz ay\u0131nda iltica ba\u015fvurusunda bulunanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 6 milyon n\u00fcfuslu \u00fclkede 183 iken 84 milyon n\u00fcfuslu Almanya’da 25 bin 165 civar\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Avusturyal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Judith Kohlenberger, Danimarka’n\u0131n bu t\u00fcr \u00f6nlemlerinin sadece k\u0131smi ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Kohlenberger, “\u0130nsanlar\u0131n ya hi\u00e7 gelmemesini, ya da gelmi\u015f olanlar\u0131n da daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde istihdam piyasas\u0131na dahil olmas\u0131n\u0131 hedefliyorlard\u0131. Ama ikinci hedef sadece k\u0131smen ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. Sosyal \u00f6deneklerin k\u0131s\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda su\u00e7 oranlar\u0131 artt\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin e\u011fitimdeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 azald\u0131. Halbuki bu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir bir sonu\u00e7tu. Bunu yoksulluk ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndan biliyoruz” de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Kohlefelder, “Danimarka modeli”nin k\u0131smi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ise kom\u015fu \u00fclkelere bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde. Danimarka’ya gelenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7evre \u00fclkelerin s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 kabul etmesi sayesinde oldu\u011funu belirten g\u00f6\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131, “Yani g\u00f6\u00e7 bask\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere kayd\u0131. Danimarka’ya gidenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131nda, \u00f6rne\u011fin Almanya’n\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 kabul etmeye devam etmesi rol oynad\u0131” diyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130ltica s\u00fcrecini \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkelere kayd\u0131rma plan\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0130sve\u00e7li g\u00f6\u00e7 uzman\u0131 Bernd Parusel de Danimarka’n\u0131n aile birle\u015fimine \u00f6nemli engeller getirdi\u011fini, Suriyelilerin ge\u00e7ici koruma stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fclkelerine geri d\u00f6nmeye te\u015fvik etti\u011fini hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. Danimarka h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bunun da \u00f6tesinde, s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n Danimarka topraklar\u0131nda iltica ba\u015fvurusunda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamen engelleyecek tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir anla\u015fmaya da imza atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda Ruanda ile imzalanan anla\u015fmayla, iltica i\u00e7in Danimarka’ya gelenlerin bu \u00fclkeye g\u00f6nderilmesi ve iltica i\u015flemlerinin burada yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Benzer bir plan \u0130ngiltere’de de hukuki engellerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ask\u0131ya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130sve\u00e7li g\u00f6\u00e7 uzman\u0131 Parusel, Danimarka’n\u0131n da Ruanda plan\u0131n\u0131 bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine rafa kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Kohlefelder bunun en \u00f6nemli nedenini, ilticac\u0131lara hukuk devleti standartlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bir iltica s\u00fcreci sunulmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu olarak a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor ve Ruanda’n\u0131n bu \u015fartlara sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130ltica ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131n AB d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkelere y\u00f6nlendirilmesi plan\u0131 Ruanda \u00f6rne\u011finde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmasa da bu y\u00f6nde aray\u0131\u015flar Almanya’da da var. Bu plan\u0131 savunanlar, s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n korunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu, ancak \u00fclke se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esini \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu konuda en s\u0131k verilen \u00f6rneklerden biri Avustralya. Canberra h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, hukuken tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir ad\u0131mla iltica ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131 Papua Yeni Gine’ye y\u00f6nlendirmi\u015f ve bu \u015fekilde Avustralya’ya giden s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Almanya’da en \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konulardan biri de s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kararlar\u0131. Almanya’da 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi gereken 304 bin ki\u015fiden yakla\u015f\u0131k 248 bini, “m\u00fcsamaha g\u00f6sterilenler” kapsam\u0131nda \u00fclkede ya\u015famay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u0130ltica ba\u015fvurusu reddedilenler aras\u0131nda hasta olanlar ya da \u00fclkesinde sava\u015f ya\u015fanan ki\u015filer bu grupta yer al\u0131yor. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda sadece 13 bin ki\u015finin s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesini ele\u015ftirenler s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n daha etkin hale getirilmesini talep ediyor.<\/p>\n

Bu konuda \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilen \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Avusturya geliyor. Avusturyal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Judith Kohleberger ise i\u015fin ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: “Avusturya’dan s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n son y\u0131llarda artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten de do\u011fru. Ama bu s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, ilgili ki\u015filerin di\u011fer Avrupa \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6nderilmesi \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. \u0130ltica ba\u015fvurusu reddedilip de men\u015fe \u00fclkeye s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok az.”<\/p>\n

\u0130sve\u00e7li g\u00f6\u00e7 uzman\u0131 Bernd Parusel de as\u0131l sorunun AB i\u00e7inde s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131larla ilgili y\u00fck\u00fcn, sorumluluk ve maliyetin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fler bir sistemin bulunmamas\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde. Bu nedenle \u00fclkelerin s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lara cazip g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemek i\u00e7in tek tarafl\u0131 \u00f6nlemlere y\u00f6neldi\u011fini kaydeden Parusel, AB \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda bir nevi “cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yar\u0131\u015f\u0131” ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Parusel, Kuzey \u00fclkelerinde sosyal \u00f6deneklerdeki k\u0131s\u0131nt\u0131lara gidilirken Yunanistan gibi G\u00fcney \u00fclkelerinde de son derece sert \u00f6nlemlere ba\u015fvuruldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Alman g\u00f6\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Petra Brendel de t\u00fcm bu cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hukukun g\u00f6zard\u0131 edilmemesi uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyor. G\u00f6\u00e7 ve iltica politikalar\u0131nda m\u00fckemmel bir yolun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, politikalar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczlemlerde \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u00e7lar kullan\u0131larak katman katman \u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini belirten Brendel, “Bu noktada en \u00f6nemlisi hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7evelere riayet edilmesi. Yani devletler hukuku, AB hukuku ve Alman anayasas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zard\u0131 edilmemesi. Ancak pek \u00e7ok noktada bunun dikkate al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k oluyoruz” diyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(The Turkish Post) – Almanya’da s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin anketlerde giderek puan kaybetti\u011fi ve \u00f6nemli eyalet se\u00e7imlerinin yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde yeniden alevlendi. G\u00f6\u00e7men kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tutumuyla bilinen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f Almanya i\u00e7in Alternatif (AfD) partisi, ana muhalefetteki Hristiyan Demokrat Birlik’in (CDU) ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ikinci siyasi partisi konumuna y\u00fckseldi. Suriye, Afganistan gibi \u00fclkelerden s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sava\u015ftan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":30395,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"Dw T\u00fcrk\u00e7e","source_url":"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/tr\/ab-%C3%BClkeleri-s%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1nmac%C4%B1lara-kar%C5%9F%C4%B1-cayd%C4%B1r%C4%B1c%C4%B1l%C4%B1k-yar%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda\/a-66952223","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"topbottom","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"4","zoom_button_in_step":"4","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"2","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-715","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"63","hide":""},"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":{"override_bookmark_button":"0","override_show_bookmark_button":"0"},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[63,1],"tags":[96,335,330,1422],"class_list":["post-30386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","category-son-haberler","tag-almanya","tag-avrupa-birligi","tag-siginmaci","tag-slider-manset"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30386"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30386\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}