{"id":25416,"date":"2023-09-03T16:43:42","date_gmt":"2023-09-03T13:43:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/?p=25416"},"modified":"2023-09-03T16:43:42","modified_gmt":"2023-09-03T13:43:42","slug":"bazi-yaslilar-nicin-aksi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/bazi-yaslilar-nicin-aksi\/","title":{"rendered":"Baz\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131lar ni\u00e7in aksi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

(The Turkish Post) –<\/strong> Ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 iki genel gruba ay\u0131rabiliriz. Birinci gruptakiler g\u00fcler y\u00fczl\u00fcd\u00fcr, gen\u00e7lerle n\u00fckteli konu\u015furlar, ton ton dede, nine k\u0131vam\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. \u0130kinci gruptaki ya\u015fl\u0131lar ise as\u0131k suratl\u0131d\u0131rlar, s\u00fcrekli sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131ndan ve insanlardan yak\u0131n\u0131rlar, torunlar\u0131na k\u0131zarlar, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 onlarla yeterince ilgilenmemekle, arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ise vefas\u0131zla su\u00e7larlar. Bu iki grup ya\u015fl\u0131 profili aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel nedeni ne olabilir? Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa Erikson\u2019un psikososyal geli\u015fim basamaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

ER\u0130KSON\u2019UN GEL\u0130\u015e\u0130M BASAMAKLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lerdeki yaz\u0131larda daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele alaca\u011f\u0131z ancak bu noktada k\u0131saca belirtmek gerekirse Erikson sekiz psikososyal geli\u015fim basama\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ki\u015filer her bir basamaktan -g\u00f6receli olarak- k\u00e2rl\u0131 veya zararl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kabilirler.<\/p>\n

– Bir bebek yakla\u015f\u0131k 0-2 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki birinci psikososyal geli\u015fim d\u00f6nemindedir. Bu d\u00f6nemde fiziksel ve duygusal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131rsa temel g\u00fcven kazanarak \u00e7\u0131kar, aksi halde g\u00fcvensizlikle \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

– Yakla\u015f\u0131k 2-4 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki ikinci d\u00f6nemden \u00f6zerklik kazanarak veya utanma, \u015f\u00fcphe edinerek \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

– 4-6 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc geli\u015fim d\u00f6neminden giri\u015fkenlik kazanarak veya su\u00e7luluk duygusuyla \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

– 7-10 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc geli\u015fim d\u00f6neminden ki\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f olarak veya yetersizlik duygusuyla \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

– Ergenlik d\u00f6nemi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan be\u015finci d\u00f6nemden gen\u00e7 kimlik kazanarak veya rol karma\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

– Alt\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00f6nemden insanlarla anlaml\u0131 yak\u0131nl\u0131klar kurarak veya izolasyonla \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

– Yedinci d\u00f6nemden \u00fcretkenlik edinerek veya dura\u011fanl\u0131kla \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

– Sekizinci d\u00f6nem olan ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131kta ise ego b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya umutsuzluk i\u00e7ine girer.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk geli\u015fim d\u00f6neminden temel g\u00fcven kazanarak \u00e7\u0131kan ki\u015finin ikinci geli\u015fim d\u00f6neminde \u00f6zerklik kazanmas\u0131, \u00f6zerklik kazanan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6nemde giri\u015fkenlik kazanmas\u0131 ihtimali y\u00fcksektir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6nemden giri\u015fkenlik kazanarak \u00e7\u0131kan ki\u015finin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00f6nemde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yani herhangi bir konuda beceri kazanmas\u0131 ihtimali y\u00fcksektir. Bu d\u00f6nemden k\u00e2rl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan ki\u015finin be\u015finci d\u00f6nemde kimlik kazanan bir ergen olmas\u0131, kimlik kazanan ergenin alt\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00f6nemde insanlarla anlaml\u0131 yak\u0131nl\u0131klar kurmas\u0131, bunu ba\u015faranlar\u0131n ise yedinci d\u00f6nemde \u00fcretkenlik i\u00e7ine girmeleri ihtimali y\u00fcksektir. B\u00f6ylece ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemine giren ki\u015filerin ego b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ula\u015fmalar\u0131, kendilerinden ho\u015fnutluk duymalar\u0131, kendilerini ve ya\u015fam\u0131 sevmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. Bu durumdaki ki\u015fi anl\u0131k \u00f6fkeler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda genelde kendisiyle ve \u00e7evresiyle bar\u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r, bir anlamda iyi huylu bir ya\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir de bu durumun tersi s\u00f6z konusudur. Bazen ki\u015filer \u00f6nceki yedi psikososyal geli\u015fim d\u00f6neminden k\u00e2rl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmazlar. S\u0131ras\u0131yla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcvenli bir yer oldu\u011fun duygusuna sahip olmazlar, fazlaca utand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r, su\u00e7luluk duyarlar, yetersizlik hissederler, ergenlik d\u00f6neminde sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir kimlik edinemezler, rol karma\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7ine girerler, insanlarla anlaml\u0131 yak\u0131nl\u0131klar kuramazlar, yaln\u0131zl\u0131k hissederler, yeterince \u00fcretken olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ya\u015famlar\u0131 dura\u011fanla\u015f\u0131r. Bu durumdaki ya\u015fl\u0131 ki\u015fi geriye d\u00f6n\u00fcp ya\u015fam muhasebesi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a olmasa da ya\u015famda zarar etti\u011fini, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ziyan etti\u011fini hisseder ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6fke duyar. Kime \u00f6fke duyar? Kendisine \u00f6fke duyar. Ancak bir insan\u0131n kendisine a\u00e7\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00f6fke duymas\u0131 katlan\u0131labilir bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Ki\u015fi kendisine duydu\u011fu \u00f6fkeyi \u00e7evresindeki insanlara yans\u0131tmak zorundad\u0131r, mecburen yans\u0131t\u0131r. \u201cBen ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131 ziyan ettim\u201d demek yerine, \u201cGen\u00e7ler sayg\u0131s\u0131z, e\u015fim anlay\u0131\u015fs\u0131z, yak\u0131nlar\u0131m nank\u00f6r, insano\u011flu \u00e7i\u011f s\u00fct emmi\u015ftir\u201d diyerek \u00f6fkeli bir insana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr, e\u011fer ya\u015famda etkili bir konuma sahipse sald\u0131rgan ve despot bir y\u00f6netici olur.<\/p>\n

Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamada hakl\u0131l\u0131k pay\u0131 bulunabilir ancak do\u011frulu\u011funu ispatlayamay\u0131z, bu y\u00fczden aksi bir ya\u015fl\u0131ya gidip, \u201cSen geli\u015fim d\u00f6nemlerinden zararl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7in \u015fimdi b\u00f6ylesin\u201d derseniz hata yapm\u0131\u015f olursunuz, yorumunuz i\u015fe yaramaz, \u00fcstelik ona sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k ederek sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f da olursunuz. Yap\u0131labilecek \u015fey, \u00f6fkesiyle ac\u0131 \u00e7eken ve \u00e7evresine zarar veren ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131, bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan psikiyatristlere y\u00f6nlendirmektir. Asl\u0131nda kendisiyle ve insanlarla fazlaca \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan, bu y\u00fczden mutsuz olan herkes vakit varken bir psikiyatriste, psikolo\u011fa veya bir psikolojik dan\u0131\u015fmana ba\u015fvurmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(The Turkish Post) – Ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 iki genel gruba ay\u0131rabiliriz. Birinci gruptakiler g\u00fcler y\u00fczl\u00fcd\u00fcr, gen\u00e7lerle n\u00fckteli konu\u015furlar, ton ton dede, nine k\u0131vam\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. \u0130kinci gruptaki ya\u015fl\u0131lar ise as\u0131k suratl\u0131d\u0131rlar, s\u00fcrekli sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131ndan ve insanlardan yak\u0131n\u0131rlar, torunlar\u0131na k\u0131zarlar, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 onlarla yeterince ilgilenmemekle, arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ise vefas\u0131zla su\u00e7larlar. Bu iki grup ya\u015fl\u0131 profili aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel nedeni ne olabilir? Bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"Cumhuriyet","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/cumhuriyet-pazar\/bazi-yaslilar-nicin-aksi-2115493","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"topbottom","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"4","zoom_button_in_step":"4","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"2","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-715","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"107","hide":""},"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":{"override_bookmark_button":"0","override_show_bookmark_button":"0"},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[107,1],"tags":[6977,6978,6979,1422,6976],"class_list":["post-25416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yasam","category-son-haberler","tag-aksi","tag-aksi-yaslilar","tag-bazi-yaslilar-nicin-aksi","tag-slider-manset","tag-yasli"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25416"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25416\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25416"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}