{"id":15292,"date":"2023-07-07T08:27:52","date_gmt":"2023-07-07T05:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/?p=15292"},"modified":"2023-07-07T08:27:52","modified_gmt":"2023-07-07T05:27:52","slug":"tahil-koridoru-anlasmasi-uzatilmazsa-ne-olur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/tahil-koridoru-anlasmasi-uzatilmazsa-ne-olur\/","title":{"rendered":"Tah\u0131l Koridoru Anla\u015fmas\u0131 uzat\u0131lmazsa ne olur?"},"content":{"rendered":"

(The Turkish Post) –<\/strong> BM Genel Sekreteri Antonio Guterres taraf\u0131ndan bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce “umut \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131” olarak nitelendirilen Ukrayna ve Rusya aras\u0131ndaki Tah\u0131l Koridoru Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n rafa kalkmas\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. 22 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde imzalanan ve “Karadeniz Tah\u0131l Giri\u015fimi” olarak da bilinen anla\u015fman\u0131n s\u00fcresi, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda tekrar tekrar uzat\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak \u015fimdi Rusya, anla\u015fman\u0131n 17 Temmuz’da sona ermesini istiyor. Bunun, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015fma neden \u00f6nemli?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ukrayna, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tah\u0131l \u00fcreticilerinden biri. Rusya’n\u0131n, \u015eubat 2022’de Ukrayna’ya sald\u0131rmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan sava\u015f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli etkilerinden biri de k\u0131tl\u0131k tehlikesinin ba\u015f g\u00f6stermesi oldu. D\u00fcnya G\u0131da Program\u0131’n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re, Ukrayna tah\u0131l\u0131, d\u00fcnya genelinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 milyon insan\u0131n temel besin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil ediyordu. Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte Ukrayna’dan tah\u0131l sevkiyat\u0131n\u0131n durmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Afrika ve Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkelerinde milyonlarca ki\u015fiyi a\u00e7l\u0131k tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kald\u0131 ki, sava\u015f ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce de g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 zaten \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00fckselmi\u015fti. Rusya’n\u0131n Ukrayna’y\u0131 i\u015fgali, d\u00fcnya genelinde fiyatlar\u0131n daha da artmas\u0131na neden oldu. Rusya’n\u0131n Karadeniz’e uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 abluka nedeniyle milyonlarca ton tah\u0131l, Ukrayna silolar\u0131nda bozulma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131. Avrupa Birli\u011fi, “Ukrayna’n\u0131n tah\u0131l arz\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, k\u00fcresel g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r” diyerek sorunun ciddiyetine dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan tah\u0131l anla\u015fmas\u0131, Kiev i\u00e7in de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Zira tah\u0131l ihracat\u0131, sadece Mart 2022’den bu yana Ukrayna ekonomisine yakla\u015f\u0131k 700 milyon dolarl\u0131k katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015fma nas\u0131l i\u015fliyor?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Anla\u015fma, Ukrayna’n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcndeki Karadeniz limanlar\u0131 Odessa, \u00c7ornomorsk ve Pivdennyi’den kontroll\u00fc bir \u015fekildetah\u0131l ihra\u00e7 edilebilmesini d\u00fczenliyor. Bunun i\u00e7in gemilerin, \u00fczerinde mutab\u0131k kal\u0131nan bir deniz koridoru boyunca Karadeniz’i ge\u00e7erek \u0130stanbul’a ula\u015fmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Burada Ukrayna limanlar\u0131na giden ve gelen gemiler, T\u00fcrkiye’nin kontrol\u00fcndeki bir \u00fcste Rus, T\u00fcrk, Ukraynal\u0131 ve BM m\u00fcfetti\u015flerinden olu\u015fan \u00f6zel bir ekip taraf\u0131ndan denetleniyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki BM g\u00f6rev g\u00fcc\u00fc de bir yandan Ukrayna tah\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Karadeniz \u00fczerinden sevk edilmesini sa\u011flarken di\u011fer yandan da Rus g\u0131da ve g\u00fcbre \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin ihracat\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015fma ne kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Karadeniz Tah\u0131l Giri\u015fimi’nin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ukrayna’n\u0131n tar\u0131msal ve di\u011fer emtia ihracat\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen AB dayan\u0131\u015fma koridorlar\u0131, g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine ve istikrara kavu\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Tah\u0131l anla\u015fmas\u0131 yoluyla May\u0131s 2023 itibariyle 30 milyon tondan fazla tah\u0131l ve di\u011fer g\u0131da maddesi ihra\u00e7 edildi.<\/p>\n

Bundan \u00f6zellikle yoksul \u00fclkeler faydaland\u0131. Bu\u011fday\u0131n y\u00fczde 64’\u00fc geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere giderken, m\u0131s\u0131r sanayile\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere neredeyse e\u015fit oranda ihra\u00e7 edildi.<\/p>\n

Son aylarda ise baz\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. G\u0131da ihracat\u0131, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n ekim ay\u0131na k\u0131yasla yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7 oran\u0131nda geriledi. Ayr\u0131ca giderek daha fazla say\u0131da nakliye \u015firketi, gemilerini g\u00fcvenli olmayan bu rotaya g\u00f6nderme riskinden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131yor. Tah\u0131l koridorunda seyreden gemilerin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7i\u015fini zorla\u015ft\u0131ran kat\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler de s\u00f6z konusu. Nitekim BM Genel Sekreteri Antonio Guterres, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz haftalarda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, tah\u0131l anla\u015fman\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndaki aksakl\u0131klardan duydu\u011fu memnuniyetsizli\u011fi dile getirdi.<\/p>\n

Rus taraf\u0131 ise taleplerinin kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve Bat\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n kendi tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin ihracat\u0131n\u0131 engellemesinden \u015fikayet\u00e7i. Rusya’n\u0131n tah\u0131l ihracat\u0131, Bat\u0131’n\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutuluyor.<\/p>\n

Karadeniz ne kadar \u00f6nemli?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Karadeniz, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Avrupa ile Asya aras\u0131nda jeostratejik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli bir kav\u015fak noktas\u0131. Denizcilik, jeostratejik ve ekonomik olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Ukrayna tah\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 deniz yoluyla d\u00fcnyaya ihra\u00e7 edebilmesi i\u00e7in tek se\u00e7enek konumunda. A\u00e7\u0131k denize eri\u015fim ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla daha fazla ihracat rotas\u0131na ula\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131 ise T\u00fcrkiye’nin kontrol\u00fcndeki \u00c7anakkale ve \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Ancak Karadeniz’deki rotalara ilgi duyanlar sadece k\u0131y\u0131da\u015f devletler de\u011fil. Zira i\u00e7 denizler \u00c7in i\u00e7in de ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli bir rol oynuyor. Yeni \u0130pek Yolu’nun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak Karadeniz’den ge\u00e7en deniz yolu, \u00c7in-Avrupa hatt\u0131ndaki mal al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finin daha iyi olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Tah\u0131l anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresi dolarsa ne olur?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Bu durumda, Ukrayna’n\u0131n ayn\u0131 miktarda tah\u0131l sevk etmeye devam edip edemeyece\u011fi belirsiz hale gelir. Sorunlardan biri, gemilerin y\u00fcksek sigorta maliyetleri olabilir. Zira Karadeniz’i ge\u00e7mek isteyen gemilerin, halihaz\u0131rda binlerce dolara sigortalanmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla nakliye \u015firketleri, Rusya’n\u0131n onay\u0131 olmadan gemilerin sava\u015f b\u00f6lgesinden ge\u00e7mesine izin vermekte teredd\u00fct edebilir. Tah\u0131l\u0131n karadan ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 da zorla\u015fabilir. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan bu yana Ukrayna, Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nin do\u011fu \u00fclkeleri \u00fczerinden de b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda tah\u0131l ihra\u00e7 etti.<\/p>\n

Buna ek olarak, Ukrayna’dan do\u011fudaki Birlik \u00fclkeleri \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan sevkiyatlar, oradaki \u00e7ift\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa neden oldu. \u00c7ift\u00e7iler, Ukrayna tah\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n yerel arz\u0131 baltalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve mahsulleri i\u00e7in art\u0131k bir pazar\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti. Avrupa Birli\u011fi, bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in haziran ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda ithalata k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirdi. B\u00f6ylece tah\u0131l Bulgaristan, Macaristan, Polonya, Romanya ve Slovakya \u00fczerinden ta\u015f\u0131nabilse de bu \u00fclkelerde sat\u0131lamaz hale geldi.<\/p>\n

BM s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Farhan Haq, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’in, Karadeniz Tah\u0131l Giri\u015fimi’ni ve Rusya’n\u0131n g\u0131da ve g\u00fcbre ihracat\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak anla\u015fmay\u0131 desteklemeye devam etmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi. B\u00f6yle bir destek, hem Ukrayna hem de Rusya’da yeni tah\u0131l hasad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(The Turkish Post) – BM Genel Sekreteri Antonio Guterres taraf\u0131ndan bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce “umut \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131” olarak nitelendirilen Ukrayna ve Rusya aras\u0131ndaki Tah\u0131l Koridoru Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n rafa kalkmas\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. 22 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde imzalanan ve “Karadeniz Tah\u0131l Giri\u015fimi” olarak da bilinen anla\u015fman\u0131n s\u00fcresi, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz aylarda tekrar tekrar uzat\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak \u015fimdi Rusya, anla\u015fman\u0131n 17 Temmuz’da sona […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15301,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"DW T\u00fcrk\u00e7e","source_url":"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/tr\/tah%C4%B1l-koridoru-anla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1-uzat%C4%B1lmazsa-ne-olur\/a-66146523","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"topbottom","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"4","zoom_button_in_step":"4","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"2","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-715","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"63","hide":""},"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":{"override_bookmark_button":"0","override_show_bookmark_button":"0"},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[63,1],"tags":[4693,178,1422,4692,65],"class_list":["post-15292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","category-son-haberler","tag-karadeniz","tag-rusya","tag-slider-manset","tag-tahil-koridoru","tag-ukrayna"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15292"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15292\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}