{"id":13349,"date":"2023-06-17T09:09:06","date_gmt":"2023-06-17T06:09:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/?p=13349"},"modified":"2023-06-17T21:09:59","modified_gmt":"2023-06-17T18:09:59","slug":"col-de-bile-su-toplayan-super-emici-malzeme-gelistirildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/col-de-bile-su-toplayan-super-emici-malzeme-gelistirildi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7\u00f6lde bile su toplayan s\u00fcper emici malzeme geli\u015ftirildi"},"content":{"rendered":"

(The Turkish Post) \u2013<\/strong> Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (MIT) m\u00fchendisleri, \u00e7\u00f6l benzeri ko\u015fullarda bile havadan rekor miktarda nemi emebilen s\u00fcper emici bir malzeme \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n

Malzeme su buhar\u0131n\u0131 emdik\u00e7e daha fazla neme yer sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u015fi\u015febiliyor. Y\u00fczde 30 ba\u011f\u0131l nem bulunan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kurak ko\u015fullarda dahi, malzeme havadan buhar \u00e7ekebiliyor ve herhangi bir s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fanmaks\u0131z\u0131n nemi i\u00e7inde tutabiliyor. Bu su daha sonra \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labiliyor, ard\u0131ndan da a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 saf su halinde toplanabiliyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bu \u015feffaf ve elastik malzeme, tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k \u00e7ocuk bezlerinde de kullan\u0131lan do\u011fal emici bir malzeme olan \u2018hidrojelden\u2019 \u00fcretildi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, hidrojelin emicili\u011fini, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kurutucu oldu\u011fu bilinen bir tuz t\u00fcr\u00fc olan lityum klor\u00fcr ile destekleyerek daha da geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, yeni deneyde malzemeyi daha \u00f6nceki denemelerde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olandan daha fazla tuzla doldurabileceklerini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Netice itibariyle, tuz dolu jelin, \u00f6teki malzeme tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kurak ko\u015fullar da dahil olmak \u00fczere, bir grup nem d\u00fczeyinde e\u015fsiz miktarda nemi so\u011furdu\u011funu ve korudu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemledi.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcper emici jel, \u015fayet s\u00fcratli ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7eklerde \u00fcretilebilirse, \u00e7\u00f6l ve kurakl\u0131\u011fa e\u011filimli b\u00f6lgelerde pasif bir su toplay\u0131c\u0131 olarak, \u00f6zellikle de malzemenin kesintisiz bi\u00e7imde buhar\u0131 so\u011furabildi\u011fi ve ard\u0131ndan i\u00e7me suyuna yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rabildi\u011fi bir su hasat makinesi olarak kullan\u0131labilir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bununla birlikte malzemenin enerji tasarrufu sa\u011flayan bir nem toplama ekipman\u0131 olarak havaland\u0131rma cihazlar\u0131na eklenebilece\u011fini de tahmin ediyor.<\/p>\n

Makine m\u00fchendisli\u011fi y\u00fcksek lisans \u00f6\u011frencisi ve MIT\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 Cihaz Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Laboratuvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcyesi olan Carlos D\u00edaz-Marin, konuya ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmesinde, \u201cGenel olarak, malzemenin temel \u00f6zelliklerine odaklanmak anlam\u0131nda, uygulamaya kar\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheci yakla\u015ft\u0131k. Bununla birlikte, art\u0131k havaland\u0131rman\u0131n nas\u0131l daha verimli bir hale getirilece\u011fi ve suyun nas\u0131l hasat edilebilece\u011fi gibi pek \u00e7ok sorunu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yoruz. Bu malzeme, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyeti ve y\u00fcksek performans\u0131 sebebiyle \u00e7ok fazla potansiyel bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00edaz-Marin ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131, elde ettikleri sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u2018Advanced Materials\u2019 adl\u0131 dergide yay\u0131nlanan bir makalede payla\u015ft\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n MIT\u2019de g\u00f6revli ortak yazar grubu, Gustav Graeber, Leon Gaugler, Yang Zhong, Bachir El Fil, Xinyue Liu ve Evelyn Wang\u2019dan olu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

HER \u0130K\u0130 D\u00dcNYANIN EN \u0130Y\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, MIT\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 Cihaz Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Laboratuvar\u0131\u2019nda, d\u00fcnyadaki enerji ve su sorunlar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretmek do\u011frultusunda yeni malzemeler tasarl\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, havadan su toplamaya yard\u0131m edebilecek malzemeler ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken, genellikle sudan ve bir miktar \u00e7apraz ba\u011fl\u0131 polimerden \u00fcretilen kaygan ve esnek jeller olan hidrojeller \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. Hidrojeller y\u0131llardan beridir malzemeyle temas etti\u011finde \u015fi\u015febildi\u011fi ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarda suyu emebildi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuk bezlerinde emici malzeme olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u201cYan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 gereken soru \u015fuydu: Havadaki buhar\u0131 emmek i\u00e7in bunu nas\u0131l bu denli iyi bir d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131karabiliriz?\u201d diyen D\u00edaz-Marin ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131, literat\u00fcr\u00fc g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdi ve ba\u015fka ekiplerin hidrojelleri \u00e7e\u015fitli tuzlarla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 denediklerini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Buzu eritmek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan kaya tuzu gibi baz\u0131 tuzlar, su buhar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere nemi emme konusunda fazlas\u0131yla etkili. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan\u0131 ise kendi k\u00fctlesinin 10 kat\u0131ndan daha \u00e7ok nemi emebilen bir tuz t\u00fcr\u00fc olan lityum klor\u00fcr. Bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendi haline b\u0131rak\u0131lan lityum klor\u00fcr havadaki buhar\u0131 \u00e7ekebilir; ne var ki emilen suyu tutman\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yolu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nem sadece tuzun \u00e7evresinde birikir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar tuzu hidrojele eklemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve hem nemi tutabilen hem de daha fazla suya yer a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in \u015fi\u015febilen bir malzeme \u00fcretti. \u015eu anda Berlin\u2019deki Humboldt \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ba\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olan Graeber, \u201cHer iki alanda da en iyisi bu\u201d dedi ve ekledi: \u201cHidrojel a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarda suyu depolayabilir ve tuz \u00e7ok fazla nemi hapsedebilir. Bu durumda, ikisini birle\u015ftirme iste\u011finiz sezgisel bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

DOLDURMA ZAMANI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan, MIT ekibi, \u00f6teki ekiplerin jele doldurabildikleri tuz miktar\u0131nda bir s\u0131n\u0131ra ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetti. \u015eu ana kadar en iyi performans\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00f6rnekler, gram polimer ba\u015f\u0131na 4 ile 6 gram tuzla desteklenen hidrojellerdi. Bu \u00f6rnekler, y\u00fczde 30 ba\u011f\u0131l nem i\u00e7eren kurak ko\u015fullarda, malzemenin gram\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 gram nem emdi.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, pek \u00e7ok denemede, \u00f6nce hidrojelleri tuzlu suya bat\u0131rarak ve tuzun jellerce emilmesini bekleyerek \u00f6rnekleri sentezlemi\u015flerdi. Deneylerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 24 ile 48 saat sonra sona erdi; zira ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar s\u00fcrecin \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve jellerde \u00e7ok fazla tuz kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Elde edilen malzemenin su buhar\u0131n\u0131 so\u011furma becerisini testten ge\u00e7irdiklerinde ise \u00f6rnekler ilk a\u015famada nemi emmesi i\u00e7in yetersiz miktarda tuz bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok az \u0131sland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Peki, materyal sentezinin g\u00fcnler ve hatta haftalar boyunca s\u00fcrmesine izin verilse ne olurdu? Yeterli zaman verilirse, bir hidrojel daha fazla tuzu emebilir miydi? MIT ekibi bir yan\u0131ta ula\u015fmak amac\u0131yla \u2018poliakrilamid\u2019 (ortak bir hidrojel) ve lityum klor\u00fcr (bir s\u00fcper emici tuz) kullanarak deneyler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Hidrojel t\u00fcplerini standart kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleriyle sentezlemelerinin ard\u0131ndan, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, t\u00fcpleri ince diskler halinde kesti ve her diski kendine has bir tuz konsantrasyonu i\u00e7eren bir lityum klor\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6zeltisine dald\u0131rd\u0131. Her g\u00fcn diskleri tartmak ve jellere emilen tuz miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in sol\u00fcsyondan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar, ard\u0131ndan kendi sol\u00fcsyonlar\u0131na tekrar bat\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Neticede, daha fazla zaman tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hidrojellerin daha fazla tuzu i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekti\u011fini ke\u015ffettiler. Tuzlu \u00e7\u00f6zeltide 30 g\u00fcn bekletilen hidrojeller, \u00f6nceki 6 graml\u0131k tuz miktar\u0131na k\u0131yasla gram polimer ba\u015f\u0131na 24 grama kadar tuz i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p>\n

Bunun ard\u0131ndan ekip, \u00e7e\u015fitli nem ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, emilim testleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli tuz y\u00fckl\u00fc jel \u00f6rneklerini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdi. Numunelerin s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn nem d\u00fczeylerinde \u015fi\u015febildi\u011fini ve daha fazla nem emebildi\u011fini ke\u015ffettiler. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nemlisi, ekip y\u00fczde 30 ba\u011f\u0131l nemin bulundu\u011fu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kuru ko\u015fullarda, jellerin gram malzeme ba\u015f\u0131na 1,79 gram gibi \u2018rekor d\u00fczeyde\u2019 suyu tutabildi\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n

\u015eu anda malzemenin s\u00fcper emici \u00f6zelliklerine s\u00fcrat kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir yol arayan D\u00edaz-Marin, \u201c\u00c7\u00f6llerde geceleri a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ba\u011f\u0131l nem olsa da bu malzeme \u00e7\u00f6lde su \u00fcretebilir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\u201cBeklenmedik b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fcrpriz, b\u00f6ylesine basit bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla bug\u00fcne dek a\u00e7\u0131klanan en y\u00fcksek buhar emilimine ula\u015fabilmemiz oldu\u201d ifadelerini kullanan D\u00edaz-Marin, \u201cBundan sonra ana odak noktas\u0131, kineti\u011fin ve malzemenin su toplay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayabilmek olacak. Bu ilerleme, malzemeyi \u00e7ok s\u00fcratli bi\u00e7imde d\u00f6ng\u00fcye sokman\u0131za imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yacak ve bu sayede g\u00fcnde bir kez su toplamak yerine, g\u00fcnde belki 24 kez su toplayabileceksiniz” bilgisini payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, ABD Enerji Verimlili\u011fi ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Ofisi ile \u0130svi\u00e7re Ulusal Bilim Vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ortakla\u015fa desteklendi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(The Turkish Post) \u2013 Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (MIT) m\u00fchendisleri, \u00e7\u00f6l benzeri ko\u015fullarda bile havadan rekor miktarda nemi emebilen s\u00fcper emici bir malzeme \u00fcretti. Malzeme su buhar\u0131n\u0131 emdik\u00e7e daha fazla neme yer sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u015fi\u015febiliyor. Y\u00fczde 30 ba\u011f\u0131l nem bulunan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kurak ko\u015fullarda dahi, malzeme havadan buhar \u00e7ekebiliyor ve herhangi bir s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fanmaks\u0131z\u0131n nemi i\u00e7inde tutabiliyor. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":13350,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"Gazete Duvar","source_url":"https:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2023\/salty-gel-could-harvest-water-desert-air-0615","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"topbottom","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"4","zoom_button_in_step":"4","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"2","show_author_box":"1","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-715","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"2285","hide":""},"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":{"override_bookmark_button":"0","override_show_bookmark_button":"0"},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2285,1],"tags":[4071,2173,1422,4070],"class_list":["post-13349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","category-son-haberler","tag-col","tag-mit","tag-slider-manset","tag-su-buhari"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13349"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13349\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.turkishpost.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}